What are symptoms of type 2 diabetes in children?
https://ift.tt/2NxHWLi In this article, we look at what type 2 diabetes is and describe its symptoms, causes, and risk factors in children. We also explore how a doctor diagnoses and treats the condition, ways to help prevent it and the complications that it can cause. What is type 2 diabetes?
In a child with type 2 diabetes, the body is either resistant to insulin or it cannot produce enough.
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of blood sugar, or glucose. The pancreas produces a hormone called insulin that helps to control the amount of sugar in the blood. In a person with type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin, or it does not respond to the hormone appropriately, and this is called insulin resistance. In the past, the medical community called type 2 diabetes either adult-onset diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes. However, the condition is affecting an increasing number of children and adolescents, as rates of obesity continue to rise. According to the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, doctors in the United States diagnosed around 5,300 children and adolescents aged 10–19 years with type 2 diabetes between 2011 and 2012. Type 2 diabetes is a long-term illness that can lead to serious complications if a person does not receive treatment. At the moment, there is no cure. SymptomsType 2 diabetes often has a slow, gradual onset. Because of this, it can be difficult to detect in children. General signs and symptoms of both types of diabetes are similar. Children and adults may experience:
Causes and risk factors
Obesity causes insulin resistance, which increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Anyone can develop type 2 diabetes, including children. The condition is more likely to develop in adults and children who are overweight or obese. Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes by causing insulin resistance. This occurs when organs and tissues do not respond appropriately to insulin and do not absorb enough sugar from the blood. Insulin resistance results in high blood sugar levels, a lower tolerance for glucose, more inflammation, and an overproduction of glucose in the liver. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), obesity affected 13.7 million children and adolescents aged 2–19 years between 2015 and 2016 in the U.S. Authors of a study from 2017 found that children and adults below the age of 25 who fell into the body mass index ranges for obesity were four times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those in the normal ranges. Other risk factors for type 2 diabetes in children include:
DiagnosisTo diagnose type 2 diabetes, a doctor will ask about the child's symptoms, and they may take a blood sample to check glucose levels. The doctor may also use a simple urine test to screen for sugar in the urine. In the U.S., possible blood tests include:
For a reliable diagnosis, a medical professional should perform these tests on two separate occasions. To confirm a diagnosis, a doctor may also request multiple tests, or they may check other factors, such as glucose tolerance. TreatmentTreatment for type 2 diabetes is generally similar in children and adults. The most important treatments are often lifestyle interventions, which include weight management, dietary changes, and exercise. A doctor may also prescribe include insulin or other medications that help the body respond better to insulin. The child may also need to regularly monitor their blood glucose levels. The doctor will tailor the treatment plan according to the child's age, needs, and the severity of the condition. It is important for parents and caregivers to communicate the treatment plan to the child's caretakers, teachers, coaches, and anyone else who supervises the child away from home. Prevention
Exercising for at least 60 minutes each day will help children maintain a healthy weight.
Prevention of type 2 diabetes largely involves developing healthful lifestyle habits, such as: Maintaining a healthy weight Ensuring that weight stays at a healthful level can lower the risk of type 2 diabetes. A doctor or dietician can advise about healthy weight ranges for children and recommend programs for losing weight, if necessary. Eating a well-balanced diet A child's diet should contain limited amounts of added sugars and simple carbohydrates. Breads and pastries made with white flour may be problematic, and the diet should instead include plenty of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. This will lower the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Exercising Exercise is essential in maintaining a healthy weight and overall health. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that children aged 5—17 years get at least 60 minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity every day. Encourage kids to play outside and engage in sports, and limit time spent in front of a screen. This may mean cutting back on video games, television, and similar devices. ComplicationsChildren with type 2 diabetes are at risk for potentially serious complications, including heart disease and stroke. Other complications and associated conditions can include: OutlookType 2 diabetes is becoming more common in children, as rates of childhood obesity continue to climb. The condition can be difficult to detect and diagnose in children, and doctors are not yet sure of the long-term effects of having it at a young age. Focusing on healthful lifestyle habits involving, for example, a well-balanced diet and plenty of physical activity, can help prevent and treat type 2 diabetes in children. Weight Loss via Obesity / Weight Loss / Fitness News From Medical News Today https://ift.tt/O45xlc August 30, 2018 at 08:48AM
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